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Jack tells Reed she is in danger and must contact someone she trusts to start the process of breaking the story in case he doesn't make it. Taylor introduces Logan to Dalia. He takes Taylor aside and Dalia walks to the elevator with Jamot. She asks Jamot whether anyone has been able to discover how Logan was able to get the Russians back to the table. In another room Logan tells Taylor that Jack - along with Dana's evidence - is on the loose. He thinks the president should contact Reed's publisher and invoke national security to stop her breaking the story. Logan doesn't think the country will survive her criminal prosecution. Arlo shows Chloe footage of Pavel's eviscerated body, a pile of the Russian agent's viscera on the floor. They realize that Jack must have done it. They have also figured out Ricker is the one helping Jack, despite the fact he is officially listed as deceased. Ricker calls Jack having traced Logan's phone. He sends Jack the secret service route of Logan's vehicle. Jack steals an SUV and drives off. Taylor meets with Woods and tells him Reed is about to publish an . She asks him to contact her magazine and seize any information she might have. Reed calls her editor, Klausner, from a pay phone. She tells him about the video and the connection to Jack. She asks to meet him at a diner. A panicked Mikhail Novakovich calls Logan and tells him about the grisly nature of Pavel's demise. He's scared Jack will eventually get to him, but Logan promises him Jack will never know of his involvement. At this point Logan's motorcade enters a single lane tunnel. A gunman wearing an armored mask takes out the tires of a few vehicles at the front, boxing- in Logan's limo. Carrying an automatic weapon, the man systematically makes his way towards Logan's vehicle, neutralizing any opposition as he goes. Logan starts freaking out and demands his agents do something. The masked man takes out both of them and then gets on the hood of the limo. He shoots a hole in the armored windshield and drops in tear gas. This forces Logan out of the car. The man grabs Logan and we hear in his voice that is, in fact, Jack. Jack takes him through a door on the side of the tunnel. Arlo has found Ricker's current address. At this point Arlo and Chloe learn CTU has discovered Jack has kidnapped Logan. Pillar and a CTU team arrive at the scene of Logan's kidnapping. He sees the likely underground escape route and has Eden send him schematics. Chloe is listening in and hears Pillar give the order for Jack to be shot on sight. Under extreme duress, Logan tells Jack of his involvement. He swears he had nothing to do with Wallker's murder, just the cover- up. Jack demands a name within the Russian government and Logan gives up Novakovich in about three seconds. With Pillar and his men approaching, Jack chokes Logan out and disappears. Pillar finds Logan and calls Eden. Arlo and Chloe want to reach out to Ricker, but know if they send any CTU agents it will alert Pillar. Eden approaches Chloe having heard she has had Cole released into her custody. Chloe explains the move as part of security for the treaty signing at the UN. As Reed sits and waits in the diner, the restaurant gets a call for her from Klausner. The editor tells her the FBI arrived before he could leave and is looking for her whereabouts with an executive order to suppress the story. Klausner tells her to protect the evidence and lay low. Chloe tells Cole she needs his help with UN security. Once they leave the room she fills him in about Jack and Ricker and asks him to go look for information on Jack's location. Novakovich is informed Russian president Yuri Suvarov has just landed in New York. In the garage downstairs, Jack sneaks up on Novakovich's driver and learns of Novakovich's location and the basics of his security. Jack quickly takes out two more guards and grabs a key card. One of the guards briefly recovers long enough to stab Jack in the stomach. Jack gets into the elevator and heads up to Novakovich's floor. Before leaving for Ricker's, Cole tells Chloe she should stop worrying about saving Jack since he's clearly gone off the deep end. He tells her if he runs into Jack, he will put him down if Jack does not surrender. While Dalia is in a meeting, Kayla gets a call from her father's mistress, Reed, who tells her there was Russian involvement in her father's murder and asks her to have Dalia call a number when she out of the meeting. Once she leaves the pay phone Reed is grabbed by the FBI and placed under arrest. Woods tells Taylor they have both Reed and the data card. Taylor tells him no one is to view the card besides her. Logan finally comes to. He tells Pillar that Jack is going after Novakovich. Pillar immediately dials Novakovich's cell phone. We then see that all but one of the guards have been killed and Novakovich is lying dead on the floor with a fireplace poker jammed into his stomach. The last guard crawls to the phone and Pillar that Jack killed everyone. The guard tells Pillar that Jack was bleeding, and pleads that help be sent. Pillar assures the wounded man that help is on the was, but instead makes another 'phone call and tells Logan the latest news. Logan places a call to Suvarov and tells him what happened to Novakovich. Logan adds he does not think Novakovich was able to tell Jack it was actually Suvarov behind the entire plan. We learn in the conversation that Suvarov gave the order to kill Walker. The camera then focuses on a tiny bug placed inside Logan's collar and we see Jack has been listening to this entire conversation. A badly injured Jack, bleeding from the knife wound to his abdomen, limps down the alley and the episode ends.
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The 2016 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2016 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 22, 2016 at the 26th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast. REPRODUCTION PRIZE [EGYPT] — The late Ahmed Shafik. for studying the effects of wearing polyester, cotton, or wool trousers on the sex life of rats, and for conducting similar tests with human males. ECONOMICS PRIZE [NEW ZEALAND, UK] — Mark Avis.
Sarah Forbes. and Shelagh Ferguson. for assessing the perceived personalities of rocks, from a sales and marketing perspective. REFERENCE: "The Brand Personality of Rocks: A Critical Evaluation of a Brand Personality Scale ," Mark Avis, Sarah Forbes ,and Shelagh Ferguson, Marketing Theory, vol. 14, no. 4, 2014, pp. 451-475. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Mark Avis and Sarah Forbes. PHYSICS PRIZE [HUNGARY, SPAIN, SWEDEN, SWITZERLAND] — Gábor Horváth. Miklós Blahó, György Kriska, Ramón Hegedüs, Balázs Gerics, Róbert Farkas, Susanne Åkesson. Péter Malik, and Hansruedi Wildermuth, for discovering why white-haired horses are the most horsefly-proof horses, and for discovering why dragonflies are fatally attracted to black tombstones. REFERENCE: "An Unexpected Advantage of Whiteness in Horses: The Most Horsefly-Proof Horse Has a Depolarizing White Coat ," Gábor Horváth, Miklós Blahó, György Kriska, Ramón Hegedüs, Balázs Gerics, Róbert Farkas and Susanne Åkesson, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, vol. 277 no. 1688, pp. June 2010, pp. 1643-1650. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Susanne Åkesson. CHEMISTRY PRIZE [GERMANY] — Volkswagen. for solving the problem of excessive automobile pollution emissions by automatically, electromechanically producing fewer emissions whenever the cars are being tested. REFERENCE: "EPA, California Notify Volkswagen of Clean Air Act Violations ", U. Environmental Protection Agency news release, September 18, 2015. MEDICINE PRIZE [GERMANY] — Christoph Helmchen. Carina Palzer. Thomas Münte. Silke Anders. and Andreas Sprenger. for discovering that if you have an itch on the left side of your body, you can relieve it by looking into a mirror and scratching the right side of your body (and vice versa). REFERENCE: "Itch Relief by Mirror Scratching. Find all the news, traffic, and weather for the entire Westchester community with News 12 Westchester. Total Medals per Capita; Gold Medals per Capita; Weighted Medals per Capita; Weighted Medals by GDP; Weighted Medals by Team Size; Total Medals; Gold Medals. En Peliculotas nos dedicamos a subir peliculas completas en espa. A Psychophysical Study ," Christoph Helmchen, Carina Palzer, Thomas F. Münte, Silke Anders, Andreas Sprenger, PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no 12, December 26, 2013, e82756. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Andreas Sprenger. PSYCHOLOGY PRIZE [BELGIUM, THE NETHERLANDS, GERMANY, CANADA, USA] — Evelyne Debey, Maarten De Schryver. Gordon Logan. Kristina Suchotzki. and Bruno Verschuere. for asking a thousand liars how often they lie, and for deciding whether to believe those answers. REFERENCE: "From Junior to Senior Pinocchio: A Cross-Sectional Lifespan Investigation of Deception ," Evelyne Debey, Maarten De Schryver, Gordon D. Logan, Kristina Suchotzki, and Bruno Verschuere, Acta Psychologica, vol. 160, 2015, pp. 58-68. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Bruno Verschuere. REFERENCE: "On the Reception and Detection of Pseudo-Profound Bullshit ," Gordon Pennycook, James Allan Cheyne, Nathaniel Barr, Derek J. Koehler, and Jonathan A. Fugelsang, Judgment and Decision Making, Vol. 10, No. 6, November 2015, pp. 549–563. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Gordon Pennycook, Nathaniel Barr, Derek Koehler, and Jonathan Fugelsang. BIOLOGY PRIZE [UK] — Awarded jointly to: Charles Foster. for living in the wild as, at different times, a badger, an otter, a deer, a fox, and a bird; and to Thomas Thwaites. for creating prosthetic extensions of his limbs that allowed him to move in the manner of, and spend time roaming hills in the company of, goats. REFERENCE: GoatMan; How I Took a Holiday from Being Human. Thomas Thwaites, Princeton Architectural Press, 2016, ISBN 978-1616894054. REFERENCE: Being a Beast. by Charles Foster, Profile Books, 2016, ISBN 978-1781255346. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Charles Foster, Thomas Thwaites. [NOTE: Thomas Thwaites's goat suit was kindly released for Ig Nobel purposes from the exhibition 'Platform - Body/Space' at Het Nieuwe Instituut in Rotterdam, and will be back on display at the museum from 4 October 2016 till 8 January 2017. LITERATURE PRIZE [SWEDEN] — Fredrik Sjöberg. for his three-volume autobiographical work about the pleasures of collecting flies that are dead, and flies that are not yet dead. REFERENCE: The Fly Trap is the first volume of Fredrik Sjöberg's autobiographical trilogy, En Flugsamlares Vag ("The Path of a Fly Collector"), and the first to be published in English. Pantheon Books, 2015, ISBN 978-1101870150. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Fredrik Sjöberg. PERCEPTION PRIZE [JAPAN] — Atsuki Higashiyama and Kohei Adachi, for investigating whether things look different when you bend over and view them between your legs. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Atsuki Higashiyama. The 2015 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2015 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 17th, 2015 at the 25th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast. REFERENCE: "Shear-Stress-Mediated Refolding of Proteins from Aggregates and Inclusion Bodies ," Tom Z. Yuan, Callum F. G. Ormonde, Stephan T. Kudlacek, Sameeran Kunche, Joshua N. Smith, William A. Brown, Kaitlin M. Pugliese, Tivoli J. Olsen, Mariam Iftikhar, Colin L. Raston, Gregory A. Weiss, ChemBioChem, vol. 16, no. 3, February 9, 2015, pp. 393–396. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Callum Ormonde, Tivoli Olsen, Colin Raston, Greg Weis. PHYSICS PRIZE — Patricia Yang [USA and TAIWAN], David Hu [USA and TAIWAN], and Jonathan Pham, Jerome Choo [USA], for testing the biological principle that nearly all mammals empty their bladders in about 21 seconds (plus or minus 13 seconds). REFERENCE: "Duration of Urination Does Not Change With Body Size ," Patricia J. Yang, Jonathan Pham, Jerome Choo, and David L. Hu, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 111 no. 33, August 19, 2014, pp. 11932–11937. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Patricia Yang, David Hu, Jonathan Pham, Jerome Choo. LITERATURE PRIZE — Mark Dingemanse [THE NETHERLANDS, USA], Francisco Torreira [SPAIN, THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM, USA, CANADA], and Nick J. Enfield [AUSTRALIA, THE NETHERLANDS], for discovering that the word "huh?" (or its equivalent) seems to exist in every human language — and for not being completely sure why. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: The authors were unable to attend the ceremony; they sent a video acceptance speech. They received their prize at a special event (The European Ig Nobel Show) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands on October 3. MANAGEMENT PRIZE — Gennaro Bernile [ITALY, SINGAPORE, USA], Vineet Bhagwat [USA, INDIA], and P. Raghavendra Rau [UK, INDIA, FRANCE, LUXEMBOURG, GERMANY, JAPAN], for discovering that many business leaders developed during childhood a fondness for risk-taking, when they experienced natural disasters (such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and wildfires) that — for them — had no dire personal consequences. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Gennaro Bernile and P. Raghavendra Rau. ECONOMICS PRIZE — The Bangkok Metropolitan Police [THAILAND], for offering to pay policemen extra cash if the policemen refuse to take bribes. REFERENCE: Numerous news reports. MEDICINE PRIZE — Awarded jointly to two groups: Hajime Kimata [JAPAN, CHINA]; and to Jaroslava Durdiaková [SLOVAKIA, US, UK], Peter Celec [SLOVAKIA, GERMANY], Natália Kamodyová, Tatiana Sedláčková, Gabriela Repiská, Barbara Sviežená, and Gabriel Minárik [SLOVAKIA], for experiments to study the biomedical benefits or biomedical consequences of intense kissing (and other intimate, interpersonal activities). REFERENCE: "Prevalence and Persistence of Male DNA Identified in Mixed Saliva Samples After Intense Kissing ," Natália Kamodyová, Jaroslava Durdiaková, Peter Celec, Tatiana Sedláčková, Gabriela Repiská, Barbara Sviežená, and Gabriel Minárik, Forensic Science International Genetics, vol. 7, no. 1, January 2013, pp. 124–8. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Jaroslava Durdiaková and Peter Celec will be at the ceremony. Hajime Kimata will be at the Ig Informal Lectures, on Saturday, Sept 19 (a prior commmitment prevented him from attending the Thursday ceremony); he sent a video acceptence speech which was played at the Thursday night ceremony. MATHEMATICS PRIZE — Elisabeth Oberzaucher [AUSTRIA, GERMANY, UK] and Karl Grammer [AUSTRIA, GERMANY], for trying to use mathematical techniques to determine whether and how Moulay Ismael the Bloodthirsty, the Sharifian Emperor of Morocco, managed, during the years from 1697 through 1727, to father 888 children. REFERENCE: "The Case of Moulay Ismael-Fact or Fancy? " Elisabeth Oberzaucher and Karl Grammer, PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no. 2, 2014, e85292. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Elisabeth Oberzaucher. BIOLOGY PRIZE — Bruno Grossi. Omar Larach, Mauricio Canals, Rodrigo A. Vásquez [CHILE], José Iriarte-Díaz [CHILE, USA], for observing that when you attach a weighted stick to the rear end of a chicken, the chicken then walks in a manner similar to that in which dinosaurs are thought to have walked. REFERENCE: "Walking Like Dinosaurs: Chickens with Artificial Tails Provide Clues about Non-Avian Theropod Locomotion ," Bruno Grossi, José Iriarte-Díaz, Omar Larach, Mauricio Canals, Rodrigo A. Vásquez, PLoS ONE, vol. 9, no. 2, 2014, e88458. [NOTE: The paper is accompanied by a video. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Bruno Grossi, José Iriarte-Díaz, Omar Larach, Rodrigo A. Vásquez. DIAGNOSTIC MEDICINE PRIZE — Diallah Karim [CANADA, UK], Anthony Harnden [NEW ZEALAND, UK, US], Nigel D'Souza [BAHRAIN, BELGIUM, DUBAI, INDIA, SOUTH AFRICA, US, UK], Andrew Huang [CHINA, UK], Abdel Kader Allouni [SYRIA, UK], Helen Ashdown [UK], Richard J. Stevens [UK], and Simon Kreckler [UK], for determining that acute appendicitis can be accurately diagnosed by the amount of pain evident when the patient is driven over speed bumps. REFERENCE: "Pain Over Speed Bumps in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis: Diagnostic Accuracy Study ," Helen F. Ashdown, Nigel D'Souza, Diallah Karim, Richard J. Stevens, Andrew Huang, and Anthony Harnden, BMJ, vol. 345, 2012, e8012. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Diallah Karim, Anthony Harnden, Helen Ashdown, Nigel D'Souza, Abdel Kader Allouni. PHYSIOLOGY and ENTOMOLOGY PRIZE — Awarded jointly to two individuals: Justin Schmidt [USA, CANADA], for painstakingly creating the Schmidt Sting Pain Index, which rates the relative pain people feel when stung by various insects; and to Michael L. Smith [PANAMA, US, UK, THE NETHERLANDS], for carefully arranging for honey bees to sting him repeatedly on 25 different locations on his body, to learn which locations are the least painful (the skull, middle toe tip, and upper arm). and which are the most painful (the nostril, upper lip, and penis shaft). REFERENCE: "Hemolytic Activities of Stinging Insect Venoms ," Justin O. Schmidt. Murray S. Blum, and William L. Overal, Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 1, no. 2, 1983, pp. 155-160. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Justin Schmidt and Michael Smith. The 2014 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2014 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 18th, 2014 at the 24th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. PHYSICS PRIZE [JAPAN]: Kiyoshi Mabuchi, Kensei Tanaka, Daichi Uchijima and Rina Sakai, for measuring the amount of friction between a shoe and a banana skin, and between a banana skin and the floor, when a person steps on a banana skin that's on the floor. REFERENCE: "Frictional Coefficient under Banana Skin ," Kiyoshi Mabuchi, Kensei Tanaka, Daichi Uchijima and Rina Sakai, Tribology Online 7, no. 3, 2012, pp. 147-151. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Kiyoshi Mabuchi. NEUROSCIENCE PRIZE [CHINA, CANADA]: Jiangang Liu, Jun Li, Lu Feng, Ling Li, Jie Tian, and Kang Lee. for trying to understand what happens in the brains of people who see the face of Jesus in a piece of toast. REFERENCE: "Seeing Jesus in Toast: Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Face Pareidolia ," Jiangang Liu, Jun Li, Lu Feng, Ling Li, Jie Tian, Kang Lee, Cortex, vol. 53, April 2014, Pages 60–77. The authors are at School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Xidian University, the Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, and the University of Toronto, Canada. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Kang Lee. PSYCHOLOGY PRIZE [UK, FINLAND, AUSTRALIA, USA]: Peter K. Jonason. Amy Jones, and Minna Lyons. for amassing evidence that people who habitually stay up late are, on average, more self-admiring, more manipulative, and more psychopathic than people who habitually arise early in the morning. REFERENCE: "Creatures of the Night: Chronotypes and the Dark Triad Traits ," Peter K. Jonason. Amy Jones, and Minna Lyons, Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 55, no. 5, 2013, pp. 538-541. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Peter Jonason. PUBLIC HEALTH PRIZE [CZECH REPUBLIC, JAPAN, USA, INDIA]: Jaroslav Flegr. Jan Havlíček and Jitka Hanušova-Lindova, and to David Hanauer, Naren Ramakrishnan. Lisa Seyfried, for investigating whether it is mentally hazardous for a human being to own a cat. REFERENCE: "Describing the Relationship between Cat Bites and Human Depression Using Data from an Electronic Health Record ," David Hanauer, Naren Ramakrishnan, Lisa Seyfried, PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 8, 2013, e70585. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Jaroslav Flegr, David Hanauer, Naren Ramakrishnan. BIOLOGY PRIZE [CZECH REPUBLIC, GERMANY, ZAMBIA]: Vlastimil Hart. Petra Nováková. Erich Pascal Malkemper, Sabine Begall. Vladimír Hanzal, Miloš Ježek, Tomáš Kušta, Veronika Němcová, Jana Adámková, Kateřina Benediktová, Jaroslav Červený and Hynek Burda. for carefully documenting that when dogs defecate and urinate, they prefer to align their body axis with Earth's north-south geomagnetic field lines. REFERENCE: "Dogs are sensitive to small variations of the Earth's magnetic field ," Vlastimil Hart, Petra Nováková, Erich Pascal Malkemper, Sabine Begall, Vladimír Hanzal, Miloš Ježek, Tomáš Kušta, Veronika Němcová, Jana Adámková, Kateřina Benediktová, Jaroslav Červený and Hynek Burda, Frontiers in Zoology, 10:80, 27 December 27, 2013. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Vlastimil Hart, Petra Nováková, Pascal Malkemper, Sabine Begall, Veronika Němcová, Hynek Burda. ART PRIZE [ITALY]: Marina de Tommaso. Michele Sardaro, and Paolo Livrea, for measuring the relative pain people suffer while looking at an ugly painting, rather than a pretty painting, while being shot [in the hand] by a powerful laser beam. REFERENCE: "Aesthetic value of paintings affects pain thresholds ," Marina de Tommaso, Michele Sardaro, and Paolo Livrea, Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 17, no. 4, 2008, pp. 1152-1162. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Marina de Tommaso. ECONOMICS PRIZE [ITALY]: ISTAT — the Italian government's National Institute of Statistics, for proudly taking the lead in fulfilling the European Union mandate for each country to increase the official size of its national economy by including revenues from prostitution, illegal drug sales, smuggling, and all other unlawful financial transactions between willing participants. REFERENCE: "European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010 )," Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013. MEDICINE PRIZE [USA, INDIA]: Ian Humphreys. Sonal Saraiya. Walter Belenky and James Dworkin, for treating "uncontrollable" nosebleeds, using the method of nasal-packing-with-strips-of-cured-pork. REFERENCE: "Nasal Packing With Strips of Cured Pork as Treatment for Uncontrollable Epistaxis in a Patient with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia ," Ian Humphreys, Sonal Saraiya, Walter Belenky and James Dworkin, Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, vol. 120, no. 11, November 2011, pp. 732-36. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Sonal Saraiya. ARCTIC SCIENCE PRIZE [NORWAY, GERMANY, USA, CANADA]: Eigil Reimers and Sindre Eftestøl. for testing how reindeer react to seeing humans who are disguised as polar bears. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Eigil Reimers, Sindre Eftestøl. REFERENCE: "Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Infant Faeces as Potential Probiotic Starter Cultures for Fermented Sausages," Raquel Rubio, Anna Jofré, Belén Martín, Teresa Aymerich, Margarita Garriga, Food Microbiology, vol. 38, 2014, pp. 303-311. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: The winners were unable to attend the ceremony; they delivered their acceptance speech via video. The 2013 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2013 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 12th, 2013 at the 23rd First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. MEDICINE PRIZE. Masateru Uchiyama [JAPAN], Xiangyuan Jin [CHINA, JAPAN], Qi Zhang [JAPAN], Toshihito Hirai [JAPAN], Atsushi Amano [JAPAN], Hisashi Bashuda [JAPAN] and Masanori Niimi [JAPAN, UK], for assessing the effect of listening to opera, on heart transplant patients who are mice. REFERENCE: "Auditory stimulation of opera music induced prolongation of murine cardiac allograft survival and maintained generation of regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells ," Masateru Uchiyama, Xiangyuan Jin, Qi Zhang, Toshihito Hirai, Atsushi Amano, Hisashi Bashuda and Masanori Niimi, Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, vol. 7, no. 26, epub. March 23, 2012. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Masateru Uchiyama, Xiangyuan Jin, Masanori Niimi. PSYCHOLOGY PRIZE. Laurent Bègue [FRANCE], Brad Bushman [USA, UK, the NETHERLANDS, POLAND], Oulmann Zerhouni [FRANCE], Baptiste Subra [FRANCE], and Medhi Ourabah [FRANCE], for confirming, by experiment, that people who think they are drunk also think they are attractive. REFERENCE: "'Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beer Holder': People Who Think They Are Drunk Also Think They Are Attractive ," Laurent Bègue, Brad J. Bushman, Oulmann Zerhouni, Baptiste Subra, Medhi Ourabah, British Journal of Psychology, epub May 15, 2012. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Brad Bushman, Laurent Bègue, Medhi Ourabah. JOINT PRIZE IN BIOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY. Marie Dacke [SWEDEN, AUSTRALIA], Emily Baird [SWEDEN, AUSTRALIA, GERMANY], Marcus Byrne [SOUTH AFRICA, UK], Clarke Scholtz [SOUTH AFRICA], and Eric J. Warrant [SWEDEN, AUSTRALIA, GERMANY], for discovering that when dung beetles get lost, they can navigate their way home by looking at the Milky Way. REFERENCE: "Dung Beetles Use the Milky Way for Orientation ," Marie Dacke, Emily Baird, Marcus Byrne, Clarke H. Scholtz, Eric J. Warrant, Current Biology, epub January 24, 2013. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Marie Dacke, Emily Baird, Marcus Byrne. Eric Warrant. SAFETY ENGINEERING PRIZE. The late Gustano Pizzo [USA], for inventing an electro-mechanical system to trap airplane hijackers — the system drops a hijacker through trap doors, seals him into a package, then drops the encapsulated hijacker through the airplane's specially-installed bomb bay doors, whence he parachutes to earth, where police, having been alerted by radio, await his arrival. US Patent #3811643, Gustano A. Pizzo, "anti hijacking system for aircraft". May 21, 1972. PHYSICS PRIZE. Alberto Minetti [ITALY, UK, DENMARK, SWITZERLAND], Yuri Ivanenko [ITALY, RUSSIA, FRANCE], Germana Cappellini [ITALY], Nadia Dominici [ITALY, SWITZERLAND, THE NETHERLANDS], and Francesco Lacquaniti [ITALY], for discovering that some people would be physically capable of running across the surface of a pond — if those people and that pond were on the moon. REFERENCE: "Humans Running in Place on Water at Simulated Reduced Gravity ," Alberto E. Minetti, Yuri P. Ivanenko, Germana Cappellini, Nadia Dominici, Francesco Lacquaniti, PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 7, 2012, e37300. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Alberto Minetti and Yuri Ivanenko. CHEMISTRY PRIZE. Shinsuke Imai [JAPAN], Nobuaki Tsuge [JAPAN], Muneaki Tomotake [JAPAN], Yoshiaki Nagatome [JAPAN], H. Sawada [JAPAN],Toshiyuki Nagata [JAPAN, GERMANY], and Hidehiko Kumgai [JAPAN], for discovering that the biochemical process by which onions make people cry is even more complicated than scientists previously realized. REFERENCE: "An Onion Enzyme that Makes the Eyes Water ," S. Imai, N. Tsuge, M. Tomotake, Y. Nagatome, H. Sawada, T. Nagata and H. Kumagai, Nature, vol. 419, no. 6908, October 2002, p. 685. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: All the co-authors. ARCHAEOLOGY PRIZE. Brian Crandall [USA] and Peter Stahl [CANADA, USA], for parboiling a dead shrew, and then swallowing the shrew without chewing, and then carefully examining everything excreted during subsequent days — all so they could see which bones would dissolve inside the human digestive system, and which bones would not. REFERENCE: "Human Digestive Effects on a Micromammalian Skeleton ," Peter W. Stahl and Brian D. Crandall, Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 22, November 1995, pp. 789–97. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Brian Crandall. PROBABILITY PRIZE. Bert Tolkamp [UK, the NETHERLANDS], Marie Haskell [UK], Fritha Langford [UK, CANADA], David Roberts [UK], and Colin Morgan [UK], for making two related discoveries: First, that the longer a cow has been lying down, the more likely that cow will soon stand up; and Second, that once a cow stands up, you cannot easily predict how soon that cow will lie down again. REFERENCE: "Are Cows More Likely to Lie Down the Longer They Stand? " Bert J. Tolkamp, Marie J. Haskell, Fritha M. Langford, David J. Roberts, Colin A. Morgan, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol. 124, nos. 1-2, 2010, pp. 1–10. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Bert Tolkamp. PUBLIC HEALTH PRIZE. Kasian Bhanganada, Tu Chayavatana, Chumporn Pongnumkul, Anunt Tonmukayakul, Piyasakol Sakolsatayadorn, Krit Komaratal, and Henry Wilde, for the medical techniques described in their report "Surgical Management of an Epidemic of Penile Amputations in Siam" — techniques which they recommend, except in cases where the amputated penis had been partially eaten by a duck. [THAILAND]. REFERENCE: "Surgical Management of an Epidemic of Penile Amputations in Siam ," by Kasian Bhanganada, Tu Chayavatana, Chumporn Pongnumkul, Anunt Tonmukayakul, Piyasakol Sakolsatayadorn, Krit Komaratal, and Henry Wilde, American Journal of Surgery, 1983, no. 146, pp. 376-382. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Nobel laureate Eric Maskin read aloud the acceptance speech sent by the winners. PATTERN SEEKERS : Check out the interactive database of Ig Nobel Prize Winners created by the Silk company. Slice and dice the data as you please for unexpected correlations, and then create (and maybe share) the resulting visualizations. The 2012 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2012 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 20th, 2012 at the 22rd First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. PSYCHOLOGY PRIZE. Anita Eerland and Rolf Zwaan [THE NETHERLANDS] and Tulio Guadalupe [PERU, RUSSIA, and THE NETHERLANDS] for their study "Leaning to the Left Makes the Eiffel Tower Seem Smaller". REFERENCE: "Leaning to the Left Makes the Eiffel Tower Seem Smaller: Posture-Modulated Estimation ," Anita Eerland, Tulio M. Guadalupe and Rolf A. Zwaan, Psychological Science, vol. 22 no. 12, December 2011, pp. 1511-14. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Tulio Guadalupe. [NOTE: Two days after the ceremony, Anita Eerland and Rolf Zwaan married each other, in the Netherlands. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Igor Petrov. ACOUSTICS PRIZE. Kazutaka Kurihara and Koji Tsukada [JAPAN] for creating the SpeechJammer — a machine that disrupts a person's speech, by making them hear their own spoken words at a very slight delay. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Kazutaka Kurihara and Koji Tsukada. NEUROSCIENCE PRIZE. Craig Bennett. Abigail Baird. Michael Miller. and George Wolford [USA], for demonstrating that brain researchers, by using complicated instruments and simple statistics, can see meaningful brain activity anywhere — even in a dead salmon. REFERENCE: "Neural correlates of interspecies perspective taking in the post-mortem Atlantic Salmon: An argument for multiple comparisons correction ," Craig M. Bennett, Abigail A. Baird, Michael B. Miller, and George L. Wolford, poster, 15th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, San Francisco, CA, June 2009. REFERENCE: "Neural Correlates of Interspecies Perspective Taking in the Post-Mortem Atlantic Salmon: An Argument For Multiple Comparisons Correction ," Craig M. Bennett, Abigail A. Baird, Michael B. Miller, and George L. Wolford, Journal of Serendipitous and Unexpected Results, vol. 1, no. 1, 2010, pp. 1-5. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Craig Bennett, Abigail Baird, Michael Miller, and George Wolford. CHEMISTRY PRIZE. Johan Pettersson [SWEDEN and RWANDA]. for solving the puzzle of why, in certain houses in the town of Anderslöv, Sweden, people's hair turned green. ATTENDING THE THE CEREMONY: Johan Pettersson. LITERATURE PRIZE. The US Government General Accountability Office, for issuing a report about reports about reports that recommends the preparation of a report about the report about reports about reports. PHYSICS PRIZE. Joseph Keller [USA], and Raymond Goldstein [USA and UK], Patrick Warren. and Robin Ball [UK], for calculating the balance of forces that shape and move the hair in a human ponytail. REFERENCE: "Shape of a Ponytail and the Statistical Physics of Hair Fiber Bundles. " Raymond E. Goldstein, Patrick B. Warren, and Robin C. Ball, Physical Review Letters, vol. 198, no. 7, 2012. REFERENCE: "Ponytail Motion ," Joseph B. Keller, SIAM [Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics] Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 70, no. 7, 2010, pp. 2667–72. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Joseph Keller, Raymond Goldstein, Patrick Warren, Robin Ball. FLUID DYNAMICS PRIZE. Rouslan Krechetnikov [USA, RUSSIA, CANADA] and Hans Mayer [USA] for studying the dynamics of liquid-sloshing, to learn what happens when a person walks while carrying a cup of coffee. REFERENCE: "Walking With Coffee: Why Does It Spill? " Hans C. Mayer and Rouslan Krechetnikov, Physical Review E, vol. 85, 2012. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Rouslan Krechetnikov. ANATOMY PRIZE. Frans de Waal [The Netherlands and USA] and Jennifer Pokorny [USA] for discovering that chimpanzees can identify other chimpanzees individually from seeing photographs of their rear ends. REFERENCE: "Faces and Behinds: Chimpanzee Sex Perception " Frans B. de Waal and Jennifer J. Pokorny, Advanced Science Letters, vol. 1, 99–103, 2008. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Frans de Waal and Jennifer Pokorny. MEDICINE PRIZE. Emmanuel Ben-Soussan and Michel Antonietti [FRANCE] for advising doctors who perform colonoscopies how to minimize the chance that their patients will explode. REFERENCE: "Colonic Gas Explosion During Therapeutic Colonoscopy with Electrocautery ," Spiros D Ladas, George Karamanolis, Emmanuel Ben-Soussan, World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 13, no. 40, October 2007, pp. 5295–8. REFERENCE: "Argon Plasma Coagulation in the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Radiation Proctitis is Efficient But Requires a Perfect Colonic Cleansing to Be Safe," E. Ben-Soussan, M. Antonietti, G. Savoye, S. Herve, P. Ducrotté, and E. Lerebours, European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 16, no. 12, December 2004, pp 1315-8. ATTENDING THE THE CEREMONY: Emmanuel Ben-Soussan. SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT. We are now, in 2012, correcting an error we made in the year 1999. when we failed to include one winner's name. We now correct that, awarding a share of the 1999 physics prize to Joseph Keller. Professor Keller is also a co-winner of the 2012 Ig Nobel physics prize, making him a two-time Ig Nobel winner. The corrected citation is: 1999 PHYSICS PRIZE: Len Fisher [UK and Australia] for calculating the optimal way to dunk a biscuit, and Jean-Marc Vanden-Broeck [UK and Belgium] and Joseph Keller [USA], for calculating how to make a teapot spout that does not drip. REFERENCE: "Physics Takes the Biscuit", Len Fisher, Nature, vol. 397, no. 6719, February 11, 1999, p. 469. REFERENCE: "Pouring Flows ," Jean-Marc Vanden‐Broeck and Joseph B. Keller, Physics of Fluids, vol. 29, no. 12, 1986, pp. 3958-61. The 2011 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2011 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 29th, 2011 at the 21rd First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. REFERENCE: 'No Evidence Of Contagious Yawning in the Red-Footed Tortoise Geochelone carbonaria," Anna Wilkinson, Natalie Sebanz, Isabella Mandl, Ludwig Huber, Current Zoology, vol. 57, no. 4, 2011. pp. 477-84. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Ludwig Huber. CHEMISTRY PRIZE. Makoto Imai, Naoki Urushihata, Hideki Tanemura, Yukinobu Tajima, Hideaki Goto, Koichiro Mizoguchi and Junichi Murakami of JAPAN, for determining the ideal density of airborne wasabi (pungent horseradish) to awaken sleeping people in case of a fire or other emergency, and for applying this knowledge to invent the wasabi alarm. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Makoto Imai, Hideki Tanemura, Yukinobu Tajima, Hideaki Goto, Koichiro Mizoguchi and Junichi Murakami. MEDICINE PRIZE. Mirjam Tuk (of THE NETHERLANDS and the UK), Debra Trampe (of THE NETHERLANDS) and Luk Warlop (of BELGIUM). and jointly to Matthew Lewis, Peter Snyder and Robert Feldman (of the USA), Robert Pietrzak. David Darby. and Paul Maruff (of AUSTRALIA) for demonstrating that people make better decisions about some kinds of things — but worse decisions about other kinds of things‚ when they have a strong urge to urinate. REFERENCE: "The Effect of Acute Increase in Urge to Void on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults ," Matthew S. Lewis, Peter J. Snyder. Robert H. Pietrzak, David Darby, Robert A. Feldman, Paul T. Maruff, Neurology and Urodynamics, vol. 30, no. 1, January 2011, pp. 183-7. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Mirjam Tuk, Luk Warlop, Peter Snyder, Robert Feldman, David Darby. PSYCHOLOGY PRIZE. Karl Halvor Teigen of the University of Oslo, NORWAY, for trying to understand why, in everyday life, people sigh. REFERENCE: "Is a Sigh 'Just a Sigh'. Sighs as Emotional Signals and Responses to a Difficult Task," Karl Halvor Teigen, Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, vol. 49, no. 1, 2008, pp. 49–57. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Karl Halvor Teigen. LITERATURE PRIZE. John Perry of Stanford University, USA, for his Theory of Structured Procrastination, which says: To be a high achiever, always work on something important, using it as a way to avoid doing something that's even more important. REFERENCE: "How to Procrastinate and Still Get Things Done ," John Perry, Chronicle of Higher Education, February 23, 1996. Later republished elsewhere under the title "Structured Procrastination. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Colleague Deborah Wilkes accepted the prize on behalf of Professor Perry. BIOLOGY PRIZE. Darryl Gwynne (of CANADA and AUSTRALIA and the UK and the USA) and David Rentz (of AUSTRALIA and the USA) for discovering that a certain kind of beetle mates with a certain kind of Australian beer bottle. REFERENCE: "Beetles on the Bottle: Male Buprestids Mistake Stubbies for Females (Coleoptera) ," D. Gwynne, and D. Rentz, Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, vol. 22. no. 1, 1983, pp. 79-80. REFERENCE: "Beetles on the Bottle," D. Gwynne and D. Rentz, Antenna: Proceedings (A) of the Royal Entomological Society London, vol. 8, no. 3, 1984, pp. 116-7. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Darryl Gwynne and David Rentz. PHYSICS PRIZE. Philippe Perrin. Cyril Perrot, Dominique Deviterne and Bruno Ragaru (of FRANCE), and Herman Kingma (of THE NETHERLANDS), for determining why discus throwers become dizzy, and why hammer throwers don't. REFERENCE: "Dizziness in Discus Throwers is Related to Motion Sickness Generated While Spinning ," Philippe Perrin, Cyril Perrot, Dominique Deviterne, Bruno Ragaru and Herman Kingma, Acta Oto-laryngologica, vol. 120, no. 3, March 2000, pp. 390–5. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: The winners accepted via recorded video. MATHEMATICS PRIZE. Dorothy Martin of the USA (who predicted the world would end in 1954), Pat Robertson of the USA (who predicted the world would end in 1982), Elizabeth Clare Prophet of the USA (who predicted the world would end in 1990), Lee Jang Rim of KOREA (who predicted the world would end in 1992), Credonia Mwerinde of UGANDA (who predicted the world would end in 1999), and Harold Camping of the USA (who predicted the world would end on September 6, 1994 and later predicted that the world will end on October 21, 2011), for teaching the world to be careful when making mathematical assumptions and calculations. PEACE PRIZE. Arturas Zuokas. the mayor of Vilnius, LITHUANIA. for demonstrating that the problem of illegally parked luxury cars can be solved by running them over with an armored tank. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Arturas Zuokas. PUBLIC SAFETY PRIZE. John Senders of the University of Toronto, CANADA, for conducting a series of safety experiments in which a person drives an automobile on a major highway while a visor repeatedly flaps down over his face, blinding him. ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: John Senders. The 2010 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2010 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 30th, 2000 at the 20th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. ENGINEERING PRIZE. Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse and Agnes Rocha-Gosselin of the Zoological Society of London, UK, and Diane Gendron of Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Baja California Sur, Mexico, for perfecting a method to collect whale snot, using a remote-control helicopter. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse, Agnes Rocha-Gosselin, Diane Gendron. MEDICINE PRIZE. Simon Rietveld of the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Ilja van Beest of Tilburg University, The Netherlands, for discovering that symptoms of asthma can be treated with a roller-coaster ride. REFERENCE: "Rollercoaster Asthma: When Positive Emotional Stress Interferes with Dyspnea Perception ," Simon Rietveld and Ilja van Beest, Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 45, 2006, pp. 977–87. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Simon Rietveld and Ilja van Beest. TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PRIZE. Toshiyuki Nakagaki. Atsushi Tero. Seiji Takagi, Tetsu Saigusa, Kentaro Ito, Kenji Yumiki, Ryo Kobayashi of Japan, and Dan Bebber. Mark Fricker of the UK, for using slime mold to determine the optimal routes for railroad tracks. REFERENCE: "Rules for Biologically Inspired Adaptive Network Design ," Atsushi Tero, Seiji Takagi, Tetsu Saigusa, Kentaro Ito, Dan P. Bebber, Mark D. Fricker, Kenji Yumiki, Ryo Kobayashi, Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Science, Vol. 327. no. 5964, January 22, 2010, pp. 439-42. [VIDEO ]. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Kentaro Ito, Atsushi Tero, Mark Fricker, Dan Bebber [NOTE: THE FOLLOWING ARE CO-WINNERS BOTH THIS YEAR AND IN 2008 when they were awarded an Ig Nobel Prize for demonstrating that slime molds can solve puzzles: Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Ryo Kobayashi, Atsushi Tero]. PHYSICS PRIZE. Lianne Parkin. Sheila Williams. and Patricia Priest of the University of Otago, New Zealand, for demonstrating that, on icy footpaths in wintertime, people slip and fall less often if they wear socks on the outside of their shoes. REFERENCE: "Preventing Winter Falls: A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Novel Intervention ," Lianne Parkin, Sheila Williams, and Patricia Priest, New Zealand Medical Journal. vol. 122, no, 1298, July 3, 2009, pp. 31-8. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Lianne Parkin. PEACE PRIZE. Richard Stephens. John Atkins, and Andrew Kingston of Keele University, UK, for confirming the widely held belief that swearing relieves pain. REFERENCE: "Swearing as a Response to Pain ," Richard Stephens, John Atkins, and Andrew Kingston, Neuroreport, vol. 20. no. 12, 2009, pp. 1056-60. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Richard Stephens. PUBLIC HEALTH PRIZE. Manuel Barbeito, Charles Mathews, and Larry Taylor of the Industrial Health and Safety Office, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA, for determining by experiment that microbes cling to bearded scientists. REFERENCE: "Microbiological Laboratory Hazard of Bearded Men ," Manuel S. Barbeito, Charles T. Mathews, and Larry A. Taylor, Applied Microbiology, vol. 15, no. 4, July 1967, pp. 899–906. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Manuel S. Barbeito was unable to travel, due to health reasons. A representative read his acceptance speech for him. ECONOMICS PRIZE. The executives and directors of Goldman Sachs. AIG. Lehman Brothers. Bear Stearns. Merrill Lynch. and Magnetar for creating and promoting new ways to invest money — ways that maximize financial gain and minimize financial risk for the world economy, or for a portion thereof. CHEMISTRY PRIZE. Eric Adams of MIT, Scott Socolofsky of Texas A&M University, Stephen Masutani of the University of Hawaii, and BP [British Petroleum], for disproving the old belief that oil and water don't mix. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Eric Adams, Scott Socolofsky, and Stephen Masutani. REFERENCE: “The Peter Principle Revisited: A Computational Study ,” Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda, and Cesare Garofalo, Physica A, vol. 389, no. 3, February 2010, pp. 467-72. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda, and Cesare Garofalo. BIOLOGY PRIZE. Libiao Zhang, Min Tan, Guangjian Zhu, Jianping Ye, Tiyu Hong, Shanyi Zhou, and Shuyi Zhang of China, and Gareth Jones of the University of Bristol, UK, for scientifically documenting fellatio in fruit bats. REFERENCE: "Fellatio by Fruit Bats Prolongs Copulation Time ," Min Tan, Gareth Jones, Guangjian Zhu, Jianping Ye, Tiyu Hong, Shanyi Zhou, Shuyi Zhang and Libiao Zhang, PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no. 10, e7595. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Gareth Jones. The 2009 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2009 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, October 1st, 2009 at the 19th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. VETERINARY MEDICINE PRIZE. Catherine Douglas and Peter Rowlinson of Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK, for showing that cows who have names give more milk than cows that are nameless. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Peter Rowlinson. Catherine Douglas was unable to travel because she recently gave birth; she sent a photo of herself, her new daughter dressed in a cow suit, and a cow. PEACE PRIZE. Stephan Bolliger, Steffen Ross. Lars Oesterhelweg. Michael Thali and Beat Kneubuehl of the University of Bern, Switzerland, for determining — by experiment — whether it is better to be smashed over the head with a full bottle of beer or with an empty bottle. REFERENCE: "Are Full or Empty Beer Bottles Sturdier and Does Their Fracture-Threshold Suffice to Break the Human Skull? " Stephan A. Bolliger, Steffen Ross, Lars Oesterhelweg, Michael J. Thali and Beat P. Kneubuehl, Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, vol. 16, no. 3, April 2009, pp. 138-42. DOI:10. 1016/j. jflm. 2008. 07. 013. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Stephan Bolliger. ECONOMICS PRIZE. The directors, executives, and auditors of four Icelandic banks — Kaupthing Bank, Landsbanki, Glitnir Bank, and Central Bank of Iceland — for demonstrating that tiny banks can be rapidly transformed into huge banks, and vice versa — and for demonstrating that similar things can be done to an entire national economy. CHEMISTRY PRIZE. Javier Morales. Miguel Apátiga. and Victor M. Castaño of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, for creating diamonds from liquid — specifically from tequila. REFERENCE: "Growth of Diamond Films from Tequila ," Javier Morales, Miguel Apatiga and Victor M. Castano, 2008, arXiv:0806. 1485. Also published as Reviews on Advanced Materials Science. vol. 22, no. 1, 2009, pp. 134-8. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Javier Morales and Miguel Apátiga. MEDICINE PRIZE. Donald L. Unger, of Thousand Oaks, California, USA, for investigating a possible cause of arthritis of the fingers, by diligently cracking the knuckles of his left hand — but never cracking the knuckles of his right hand — every day for more than sixty (60) years. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Donald Unger. PHYSICS PRIZE. Katherine K. Whitcome of the University of Cincinnati, USA, Daniel E. Lieberman of Harvard University, USA, and Liza J. Shapiro of the University of Texas, USA, for analytically determining why pregnant women don't tip over. REFERENCE: "Fetal Load and the Evolution of Lumbar Lordosis in Bipedal Hominins ," Katherine K. Whitcome, Liza J. Shapiro & Daniel E. Lieberman, Nature, vol. 450, 1075-1078 (December 13, 2007). DOI:10. 1038/nature06342. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Katherine Whitcome and Daniel Lieberman. LITERATURE PRIZE. Ireland's police service (An Garda Siochana ), for writing and presenting more than fifty traffic tickets to the most frequent driving offender in the country — Prawo Jazdy — whose name in Polish means "Driving License". WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: [Karolina Lewestam. a Polish citizen and holder of a Polish driver's license, speaking on behalf of all her fellow Polish licensed drivers, expressed her good wishes to the Irish police service. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Elena Bodnar. MATHEMATICS PRIZE. Gideon Gono. governor of Zimbabwe’s Reserve Bank. for giving people a simple, everyday way to cope with a wide range of numbers — from very small to very big — by having his bank print bank notes with denominations ranging from one cent ($. 01) to one hundred trillion dollars ($100,000,000,000,000). REFERENCE: Zimbabwe's Casino Economy — Extraordinary Measures for Extraordinary Challenges. Gideon Gono, ZPH Publishers, Harare, 2008, ISBN 978-079-743-679-4. BIOLOGY PRIZE. Fumiaki Taguchi. Song Guofu, and Zhang Guanglei of Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences in Sagamihara, Japan, for demonstrating that kitchen refuse can be reduced more than 90% in mass by using bacteria extracted from the feces of giant pandas. REFERENCE: "Microbial Treatment of Kitchen Refuse With Enzyme-Producing Thermophilic Bacteria From Giant Panda Feces ," Fumiaki Taguchia, Song Guofua, and Zhang Guanglei, Seibutsu-kogaku Kaishi, vol. 79, no 12, 2001, pp. 463-9. [and abstracted in Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, vol. 92, no. 6, 2001, p. 602. REFERENCE: "Microbial Treatment of Food-Production Waste with Thermopile Enzyme-Producing Bacterial Flora from a Giant Panda " [in Japanese], Fumiaki Taguchi, Song Guofu, Yasunori Sugai, Hiroyasu Kudo and Akira Koikeda, Journal of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts, vol. 14, no. 2, 2003, pp. 76-82. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Fumiaki Taguchi. The 2008 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2008 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, October 2nd, 2008 at the 18th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. NUTRITION PRIZE. Massimiliano Zampini of the University of Trento, Italy and Charles Spence of Oxford University, UK, for electronically modifying the sound of a potato chip to make the person chewing the chip believe it to be crisper and fresher than it really is. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Massimiliano Zampini. unable to attend the ceremony, was presented with the prize at a special ceremony, later in the month, at the Genoa Science Festival. ARCHAEOLOGY PRIZE. Astolfo G. Mello Araujo and José Carlos Marcelino of Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, for measuring how the course of history, or at least the contents of an archaeological dig site, can be scrambled by the actions of a live armadillo. REFERENCE: "The Role of Armadillos in the Movement of Archaeological Materials: An Experimental Approach ," Astolfo G. Mello Araujo and José Carlos Marcelino, Geoarchaeology, vol. 18, no. 4, April 2003, pp. 433-60. BIOLOGY PRIZE. Marie-Christine Cadiergues, Christel Joubert, and Michel Franc of Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse. France for discovering that the fleas that live on a dog can jump higher than the fleas that live on a cat. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Marie-Christine Cadiergues and Christel Joubert, unable to attend the ceremony, were presented with the prize at a special ceremony, later in the month, at the Genoa Science Festival. MEDICINE PRIZE. Dan Ariely of Duke University (USA), Rebecca L. Waber of MIT (USA), Baba Shiv of Stanford University (USA), and Ziv Carmon of INSEAD (Singapore) for demonstrating that high-priced fake medicine is more effective than low-priced fake medicine. REFERENCE: "Commercial Features of Placebo and Therapeutic Efficacy ," Rebecca L. Waber; Baba Shiv; Ziv Carmon; Dan Ariely, Journal of the American Medical Association, March 5, 2008; 299: 1016-1017. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Dan Ariely. COGNITIVE SCIENCE PRIZE. Toshiyuki Nakagaki of Hokkaido University, Japan, Hiroyasu Yamada of Nagoya, Japan, Ryo Kobayashi of Hiroshima University, Atsushi Tero of Presto JST, Akio Ishiguro of Tohoku University, and Ágotá Tóth of the University of Szeged, Hungary, for discovering that slime molds can solve puzzles. REFERENCE: "Intelligence: Maze-Solving by an Amoeboid Organism ," Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Hiroyasu Yamada, and Ágota Tóth, Nature, vol. 407, September 2000, p. 470. [VIDEO ]. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Ryo Kobayashi, Atsushi Tero. ECONOMICS PRIZE. Geoffrey Miller. Joshua Tybur and Brent Jordan of the University of New Mexico, USA, for discovering that professional lap dancers earn higher tips when they are ovulating. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Geoffrey Miller and Brent Jordan. PHYSICS PRIZE. Dorian Raymer of the Ocean Observatories Initiative at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA, and Douglas Smith of the University of California, San Diego, USA, for proving mathematically that heaps of string or hair or almost anything else will inevitably tangle themselves up in knots. REFERENCE: "Spontaneous Knotting of an Agitated String ," Dorian M. Raymer and Douglas E. Smith, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 104, no. 42, October 16, 2007, pp. 16432-7. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Dorian Raymer. CHEMISTRY PRIZE. Sharee A. Umpierre of the University of Puerto Rico, Joseph A. Hill of The Fertility Centers of New England (USA), Deborah J. Anderson of Boston University School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School (USA), for discovering that Coca-Cola is an effective spermicide, and to Chuang-Ye Hong of Taipei Medical University (Taiwan), C. Shieh, P. Wu, and B. Chiang (all of Taiwan) for discovering that it is not. REFERENCE: "Effect of 'Coke' on Sperm Motility ," Sharee A. Umpierre, Joseph A. Hill, and Deborah J. Anderson, New England Journal of Medicine, 1985, vol. 313, no. 21, p. 1351. REFERENCE: "The Spermicidal Potency of Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola ," C. Hong, C. Shieh, P. Wu, and B. Chiang, Human Toxicology, vol. 6, no. 5, September 1987, pp. 395-6. [NOTE: THE JOURNAL LATER CHANGED ITS NAME. NOW CALLED "Human & experimental toxicology"]. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Deborah Anderson, and C. Hong's daughter Wan Hong. LITERATURE PRIZE. David Sims of Cass Business School. London, UK, for his lovingly written study "You Bastard: A Narrative Exploration of the Experience of Indignation within Organizations. ". WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: David Sims. At the 2007 ceremony. Ig Nobel Medicine Prize winner Dan Meyer punctuates his and Brian Witcombe's joint one-minute-long acceptance speech. Meyer and Dr. Witcombe (who is not visible in this photo, having stepped back to give his colleague breathing room) were honored for studying the medical side-effects of sword-swallowing. Nobel Laureates William Lipscomb, Robert Laughlin and Dudley Herschbach can be seen here analyzing Mr. Meyer's speech. Photo Credit: Alexey Eliseev. The 2007 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2007 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, October 4th, 2007 at the 17th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. MEDICINE PRIZE. Brian Witcombe of Gloucester, UK, and Dan Meyer of Antioch, Tennessee, USA, for their penetrating medical report "Sword Swallowing and Its Side Effects. ". REFERENCE: "Sword Swallowing and Its Side Effects," Brian Witcombeand Dan Meyer, British Medical Journal, December 23, 2006, vol. 333, pp. 1285-7. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Brian Witcombe and Dan Meyer. PHYSICS PRIZE. L. Mahadevan of Harvard University, USA, and Enrique Cerda Villablanca of Universidad de Santiago de Chile, for studying how sheets become wrinkled. REFERENCES: "Wrinkling of an Elastic Sheet Under Tension," E. Cerda, K. Ravi-Chandar, L. Mahadevan, Nature, vol. 419, October 10, 2002, pp. 579-80. "Geometry and Physics of Wrinkling ," E. Cerda and L. Mahadevan, Physical Review Letters, fol. 90, no. 7, February 21, 2003, pp. 074302/1-4. "Elements of Draping ," E. Cerda, L. Mahadevan and J. Passini, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 101, no. 7, 2004, pp. 1806-10. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan, and Enrique Cerda Villablanca's sister Mariela. BIOLOGY PRIZE. Prof. Dr. Johanna E. van Bronswijk of Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, for doing a census of all the mites, insects, spiders, pseudoscorpions. crustaceans, bacteria, algae, ferns and fungi with whom we share our beds each night. REFERENCES: "Huis, Bed en Beestjes " [House, Bed and Bugs], J. van Bronswijk, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, vol. 116, no. 20, May 13, 1972, pp. 825-31. "Het Stof, de Mijten en het Bed " [Dust, Mites and Bedding]. J. van Bronswijk Vakblad voor Biologen, vol. 53, no. 2, 1973, pp. 22-5. "Autotrophic Organisms in Mattress Dust in the Netherlands," B. van de Lustgraaf, J. Klerkx, J. van Bronswijk, Acta Botanica Neerlandica, vol. 27, no. 2, 1978, pp 125-8. "A Bed Ecosystem," J. van Bronswijk, Lecture Abstracts -- 1st Benelux Congress of Zoology, Leuven, November 4-5, 1994, p. 36. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Dr. Johanna E. van Bronswijk. CHEMISTRY PRIZE. Mayu Yamamoto of the International Medical Center of Japan, for developing a way to extract vanillin -- vanilla fragrance and flavoring -- from cow dung. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Mayu Yamamoto PRESS NOTE: Toscanini's Ice Cream. the finest ice cream shop in Cambridge, Massachusetts, created a new ice cream flavor in honor of Mayu Yamamoto, and introduced it at the Ig Nobel ceremony. The flavor is called "Yum-a-Moto Vanilla Twist. ". LINGUISTICS PRIZE. Juan Manuel Toro. Josep B. Trobalon and Núria Sebastián-Gallés. of Universitat de Barcelona, for showing that rats sometimes cannot tell the difference between a person speaking Japanese backwards and a person speaking Dutch backwards. REFERENCE: "Effects of Backward Speech and Speaker Variability in Language Discrimination by Rats ," Juan M. Toro, Josep B. Trobalon and Núria Sebastián-Gallés, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, vol. 31, no. 1, January 2005, pp 95-100. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: The winners could not travel to the ceremony, so they instead delivered their acceptance speech via recorded video. LITERATURE PRIZE. Glenda Browne of Blaxland, Blue Mountains, Australia, for her study of the word "the" -- and of the many ways it causes problems for anyone who tries to put things into alphabetical order. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Glenda Browne. PEACE PRIZE. The Air Force Wright Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio, USA, for instigating research & development on a chemical weapon -- the so-called "gay bomb" -- that will make enemy soldiers become sexually irresistible to each other. REFERENCE: "Harassing, Annoying, and 'Bad Guy' Identifying Chemicals ," Wright Laboratory, WL/FIVR, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, June 1, 1994. NUTRITION PRIZE. Brian Wansink of Cornell University, for exploring the seemingly boundless appetites of human beings, by feeding them with a self-refilling, bottomless bowl of soup. REFERENCE: "Bottomless Bowls: Why Visual Cues of Portion Size May Influence Intake ," Brian Wansink, James E. Painter and Jill North, Obesity Research, vol. 13, no. 1, January 2005, pp. 93-100. REFERENCE: Mindless Eating: Why We Eat More Than We Think, Brian Wansink Bantom Books, 2006, ISBN 0553804340. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Brian Wansink. ECONOMICS PRIZE. Kuo Cheng Hsieh, of Taichung, Taiwan, for patenting a device, in the year 2001, that catches bank robbers by dropping a net over them. REFERENCE: U. patent #6,219,959. granted on April 24, 2001, for a "net trapping system for capturing a robber immediately. " NOTE: The Ig Nobel Board of Governors attempted repeatedly to find Mr. Hsieh, but he seemed to have vanished mysteriously. Some days after the ceremony came news that he is alive and well. AVIATION PRIZE. Patricia V. Agostino. Santiago A. Plano and Diego A. Golombek of Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina, for their discovery that Viagra aids jetlag recovery in hamsters. REFERENCE: "Sildenafil Accelerates Reentrainment of Circadian Rhythms After Advancing Light Schedules ," Patricia V. Agostino, Santiago A. Plano and Diego A. Golombek, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 104, no. 23, June 5 2007, pp. 9834-9. WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Diego A. Golombek. The 2006 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2006 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, October 5th, 2006 at the 16th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. ORNITHOLOGY. Ivan R. Schwab. of the University of California Davis, and the late Philip R. May of the University of California Los Angeles, for exploring and explaining why woodpeckers don't get headaches. REFERENCE: "Cure for a Headache ," Ivan R Schwab, British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 86, 2002, p. 843. REFERENCE: "Woodpeckers and Head Injury ," Philip R. May, JoaquinM. Fuster, Paul Newman and Ada Hirschman, Lancet, vol. 307, no. 7957, February28, 1976, pp. 454-5. REFERENCE: "Woodpeckers and Head Injury ," Philip R. May, JoaquinM. Fuster, Paul Newman and Ada Hirschman, Lancet, vol. 307, no. 7973, June 19,1976, pp. 1347-8. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL PRIZE CEREMONY: Ivan Schwab. NUTRITION. Wasmia Al-Houty of Kuwait University and Faten Al-Mussalam of the Kuwait Environment Public Authority. for showing that dung beetles are finicky eaters. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL PRIZE CEREMONY: Faten Al-Musalam. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL PRIZE CEREMONY: Howard Stapleton planned to attend, but his plans were interrupted by a family medical situation. ACOUSTICS. D. Lynn Halpern (of Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, and Brandeis University, and Northwestern University), Randolph Blake (of Vanderbilt University and Northwestern University) and James Hillenbrand (of Western Michigan University and Northwestern University) for conducting experiments to learn why people dislike the sound of fingernails scraping on a blackboard. REFERENCE: "Psychoacoustics of a Chilling Sound ," D. Lynn Halpern, Randolph Blake and James Hillenbrand, Perception and Psychophysics, vol. 39,1986, pp. 77-80. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL PRIZE CEREMONY: Lynn Halpern and Randolph Blake. MATHEMATICS. Nic Svenson and Piers Barnes of the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization. for calculating the number of photographs you must take to (almost) ensure that nobody in a group photo will have their eyes closed. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL PRIZE CEREMONY: Nic Svenson and Piers Barnes. REFERENCE: "Consequences of Erudite Vernacular Utilized Irrespective of Necessity: Problems with Using Long Words Needlessly," Daniel M. Oppenheimer, Applied Cognitive Psychology, vol. 20, no. 2, March 2006, pp. 139-56. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL PRIZE CEREMONY: Daniel Oppenheimer. MEDICINE. Francis M. Fesmire of the University of Tennessee College of Medicine, for his medical case report "Termination of Intractable Hiccups with Digital Rectal Massage "; and Majed Odeh. Harry Bassan, and Arie Oliven of Bnai Zion Medical Center. Haifa, Israel, for their subsequent medical case report also titled "Termination of Intractable Hiccups with Digital Rectal Massage. ". REFERENCE: "Termination of Intractable Hiccups with Digital Rectal Massage ," Francis M. Fesmire, Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 17, no. 8, August 1988 p. 872. REFERENCE: "Termination of Intractable Hiccups with Digital Rectal Massage ," Majed Odeh. Harry Bassan, and Arie Oliven, Journal of Internal Medicine, vol. 227, no. 2, February 1990, pp. 145-6. They are at the Department of Internal Medicine, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. REFERENCE: "Hiccups and Digital Rectal Massage," M. Odeh and A. Oliven, Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, vol. 119, 1993, p. 1383. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL PRIZE CEREMONY: Francis Fesmire. PHYSICS. Basile Audoly and Sebastien Neukirch of the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, in Paris, for their insights into why, when you bend dry spaghetti, it often breaks into more than two pieces. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL PRIZE CEREMONY: Basile Audoly and Sebastien Neukirch. CHEMISTRY. Antonio Mulet. José Javier Benedito and José Bon of the University of Valencia. Spain, and Carmen Rosselló of the University of Illes Balears. in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, for their study "Ultrasonic Velocity in Cheddar Cheese as Affected by Temperature. ". REFERENCE: "Ultrasonic Velocity in Cheddar Cheese as Affected by Temperature ," Antonio Mulet, José Javier Benedito, José Bon, and Carmen Rosselló, Journal of Food Science, vol. 64, no. 6, 1999, pp. 1038-41. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL PRIZE CEREMONY: The winners delivered their acceptance speech via video recording. BIOLOGY. Bart Knols (of Wageningen Agricultural University. in Wageningen, the Netherlands; and of the National Institute for Medical Research. in Ifakara Centre, Tanzania, and of the International Atomic Energy Agency. in Vienna Austria) and Ruurd de Jong (of Wageningen Agricultural University and of Santa Maria degli Angeli. Italy) for showing that the female malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae is attracted equally to the smell of limburger cheese and to the smell of human feet. REFERENCE: “Behavioural and electrophysiological responses of the female malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) to Limburger cheese volatiles,” Bulletin of Entomological Research. B. Knols, J. van Loon, A. Cork, R. Robinson, et al. vol. 87, 1997, pp. 151-159. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL PRIZE CEREMONY: Bart Knols. The 2005 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2005 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, October 6th, 2005 at the 15th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. REFERENCE: "The Significance of Mr. Richard Buckley's Exploding Trousers: Reflections on an Aspect of Technological Change in New Zealand Dairy-Farming between the World Wars," James Watson, Agricultural History, vol. 78, no. 3, Summer 2004, pp. 346-60. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: James Watson. PHYSICS. John Mainstone and the late Thomas Parnell of the University of Queensland, Australia, for patiently conducting an experiment that began in the year 1927 -- in which a glob of congealed black tar has been slowly, slowly dripping through a funnel, at a rate of approximately one drop every nine years. REFERENCE: "The Pitch Drop Experiment ," R. Edgeworth, B. Dalton and T. Parnell, European Journal of Physics, 1984, pp. 198-200. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: John Mainstone. MEDICINE. Gregg A. Miller of Oak Grove, Missouri, for inventing Neuticles -- artificial replacement testicles for dogs, which are available in three sizes, and three degrees of firmness. REFERENCES: US Patent #5868140. and the book Going Going NUTS. by Gregg A. Miller, PublishAmerica, 2004, ISBN 1413753167. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: The winner was unable to travel, and delivered his acceptance speech via video. LITERATURE. The Internet entrepreneurs of Nigeria, for creating and then using e-mail to distribute a bold series of short stories. thus introducing millions of readers to a cast of rich characters -- General Sani Abacha, Mrs. Mariam Sanni Abacha. Barrister Jon A Mbeki Esq. and others -- each of whom requires just a small amount of expense money so as to obtain access to the great wealth to which they are entitled and which they would like to share with the kind person who assists them. REFERENCE: "Orthopteran DCMD Neuron: A Reevaluation of Responses to Moving Objects. I. Selective Responses to Approaching Objects," F. Rind and P. Simmons, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol. 68, no. 5, November 1992, pp. 1654-66. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Claire Rind. ECONOMICS. Gauri Nanda of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for inventing an alarm clock that runs away and hides, repeatedly. thus ensuring that people DO get out of bed, and thus theoretically adding many productive hours to the workday. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Gauri Nanda. CHEMISTRY. Edward Cussler of the University of Minnesota and Brian Gettelfinger of the University of Minnesota and the University of Wisconsin, for conducting a careful experiment to settle the longstanding scientific question. can people swim faster in syrup or in water. REFERENCE: "Will Humans Swim Faster or Slower in Syrup? " American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, Brian Gettelfinger and E. L. Cussler, vol. 50, no. 11, October 2004, pp. 2646-7. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Brian Gettelfinger and Edward Cussler. BIOLOGY. Benjamin Smith of the University of Adelaide, Australia and the University of Toronto, Canada and the Firmenich perfume company, Geneva, Switzerland, and ChemComm Enterprises, Archamps, France; Craig Williams of James Cook University and the University of South Australia; Michael Tyler of the University of Adelaide; Brian Williams of the University of Adelaide; and Yoji Hayasaka of the Australian Wine Research Institute; for painstakingly smelling and cataloging the peculiar odors produced by 131 different species of frogs when the frogs were feeling stressed. REFERENCE: "A Survey of Frog Odorous Secretions, Their Possible Functions and Phylogenetic Significance ," Benjamin P. Smith, Craig R. Williams, Michael J. Tyler, and Brian D. Williams, Applied Herpetology, vol. 2, no. 1-2, February 1, 2004, pp. 47-82. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Ben Smith and Craig Williams. NUTRITION. Dr. Yoshiro Nakamats of Tokyo, Japan, for photographing and retrospectively analyzing every meal he has consumed during a period of 34 years (and counting). [See the movie "The Invention of Dr. Nakamats ", 2009]. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Dr. Yoshiro Nakamats. FLUID DYNAMICS. Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow of International University Bremen, Germany and the University of Oulu, Finland; and Jozsef Gal of Loránd Eötvös University, Hungary, for using basic principles of physics to calculate the pressure that builds up inside a penguin, as detailed in their report "Pressures Produced When Penguins Pooh -- Calculations on Avian Defaecation. ". ACCEPTING: The winners were unable to attend the ceremony because they could not obtain United States visas to visit the United States. Dr. Meyer-Rochow sent an acceptance speech via video. The 2004 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2004 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 30th, 2004 at the 14th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. MEDICINE. Steven Stack of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA and James Gundlach of Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA, for their published report "The Effect of Country Music on Suicide. ". PUBLISHED IN: Social Forces. vol. 71, no. 1, September 1992, pp. 211-8. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: James Gundlach. PHYSICS. Ramesh Balasubramaniam of the University of Ottawa, and Michael Turvey of the University of Connecticut and Haskins Laboratory, for exploring and explaining the dynamics of hula-hooping. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Ramesh Balasubramaniam and Michael Turvey. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Jillian Clarke. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Donald Smith's son, Scott Jackson Smith, and daughter, Heather Smith. LITERATURE. The American Nudist Research Library of Kissimmee, Florida, USA, for preserving nudist history so that everyone can see it. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Pamela Chestek, the daughter of ANRL director Helen Fisher. PSYCHOLOGY. Daniel Simons of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Christopher Chabris of Harvard University, for demonstrating that when people pay close attention to something, it's all too easy to overlook anything else -- even a woman in a gorilla suit. REFERENCE: "Gorillas in Our Midst ," Daniel J. Simons and Christopher F. Chabris, vol. 28, Perception. 1999, pages 1059-74. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Daisuke Inoue. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Lawrence Dill, Robert Batty, Magnus Whalberg, Hakan Westerberg. The 2003 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2003 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September NNth, 2003 at the 13th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. ENGINEERING. The late John Paul Stapp. the late Edward A. Murphy, Jr. and George Nichols, for jointly giving birth in 1949 to Murphy's Law. the basic engineering principle that "If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, someone will do it "(or, in other words: "If anything can go wrong, it will"). REFERENCE: "The Fastest Man on Earth ," Nick T. Spark, Annals of Improbable Research, vol. 9, no. 5, Sept/Oct 2003. ] VIDEO. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: (1) Author Nick T. Spark. on behalf of John Paul Stapp's widow, Lilly. (2) Edward Murphy's Edward A. Murphy III, on behalf of his late father. (3) George Nichols, via audio tape. PUBLISHED IN: Applied Ergonomics, vol. 33, no. 6, November 2002, pp. 523-31. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: John Culvenor. MEDICINE. Eleanor Maguire. David Gadian. Ingrid Johnsrude, Catriona Good, John Ashburner. Richard Frackowiak. and Christopher Frith of University College London, for presenting evidence that the brains of London taxi drivers are more highly developed than those of their fellow citizens. PUBLISHED IN: "Navigation-Related Structural Change In the Hippocampi of Taxi Drivers ," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 97, no. 8, April 11, 2000, pp. 4398-403. Also see their subsequent publications. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Eleanor Maguire. PUBLISHED IN: Nature, vol. 385, February 1997, p. 493. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Philip Zimbardo. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Yukio Hirose. LITERATURE. John Trinkaus. of the Zicklin School of Business. New York City, for meticulously collecting data and publishing more than 80 detailed academic reports about things that annoyed him (such as: What percentage of young people wear baseball caps with the peak facing to the rear rather than to the front; What percentage of pedestrians wear sport shoes that are white rather than some other color; What percentage of swimmers swim laps in the shallow end of a pool rather than the deep end; What percentage of automobile drivers almost, but not completely, come to a stop at one particular stop-sign; What percentage of commuters carry attaché cases; What percentage of shoppers exceed the number of items permitted in a supermarket's express checkout lane; and What percentage of students dislike the taste of Brussels sprouts. REFERENCE: 86 of Professor Trinkaus's publications are listed in "Trinkaus -- An Informal Look ," Annals of Improbable Research, vol. 9, no. 3, May/Jun 2003. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: John Trinkaus. ECONOMICS. Karl Schwärzler and the nation of Liechtenstein. for making it possible to rent the entire country for corporate conventions, weddings, bar mitzvahs, and other gatherings. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Karl Schwärzler. [PUBLISHED IN: Human Nature, vol. 13, no. 3, 2002, pp. 383-9. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: All three co-authors. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Lal Bihari overcame the handicap of being dead, and managed to obtain a passport from the Indian government so that he could travel to Harvard to accept his Prize. However, the U. government refused to allow him into the country. His friend Madhu Kapoor therefore came to the Ig Nobel Ceremony and accepted the Prize on behalf of Lal Bihari. Several weeks later, the Prize was presented to Lal Bihari himself in a special ceremony in India. [NOTE: Filmmaker Satish Kaushik will be making a film about the life (and death and life) of Lal Bihari. BIOLOGY. C. Moeliker. of Natuurhistorisch Museum Rotterdam. the Netherlands, for documenting the first scientifically recorded case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard duck. WHO ATTENDED THE IG NOBEL CEREMONY: Kees Moeliker. The 2002 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2002 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, October 3rd, 2002 at the 12th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. [REFERENCE: "Courtship Behaviour of Ostriches (Struthio camelus) Towards Humans Under Farming Conditions in Britain," Norma E. Bubier, Charles G. Paxton, P. Bowers, D. Deeming, British Poultry Science. vol. 39, no. 4, September 1998, pp. 477-481. PHYSICS. Arnd Leike of the University of Munich, for demonstrating that beer froth obeys the mathematical Law of Exponential Decay. INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH. Karl Kruszelnicki of The University of Sydney, for performing a comprehensive survey of human belly button lint -- who gets it, when, what color, and how much. CHEMISTRY. Theodore Gray (USA and Switzerland), for gathering many elements of the periodic table, and assembling them into the form of a four-legged periodic table table. ECONOMICS. The executives, corporate directors, and auditors of Enron, Lernaut & Hauspie [Belgium], Adelphia, Bank of Commerce and Credit International [Pakistan], Cendant, CMS Energy, Duke Energy, Dynegy, Gazprom [Russia], Global Crossing, HIH Insurance [Australia], Informix, Kmart, Maxwell Communications [UK], McKessonHBOC, Merrill Lynch, Merck, Peregrine Systems, Qwest Communications, Reliant Resources, Rent-Way, Rite Aid, Sunbeam, Tyco, Waste Management, WorldCom, Xerox, and Arthur Andersen, for adapting the mathematical concept of imaginary numbers for use in the business world. [NOTE: all companies are U. -based unless otherwise noted. The 2001 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2001 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, October 4th, 2001 at the 11th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. MEDICINE. Peter Barss of McGill University, for his impactful medical report "InjuriesDue to Falling Coconuts. ". BIOLOGY. Buck Weimer of Pueblo, Colorado for inventing Under-Ease. airtight underwear with a replaceable charcoal filter that removes bad-smelling gases before they escape. ECONOMICS. Joel Slemrod. of the University of Michigan Business School, and Wojciech Kopczuk. of University of British Columbia [and who has since moved to Columbia University], for their conclusion that people find a way to postpone their deaths if that would qualify them for a lower rate on the inheritance tax. LITERATURE. John Richards of Boston, England, founder of The Apostrophe Protection Society. for his efforts to protect, promote, and defend the differences between plural and possessive. [PUBLISHED IN: Child Development. vol. 46, no. 1, March 1975, pp. 53-61. ASTROPHYSICS. Dr. Jack and Rexella Van Impe of Jack Van Impe Ministries. Rochester Hills, Michigan, for their discovery that black holes fulfill all the technical requirements to be the location of Hell. [REFERENCE: The March 31, 2001 television and Internet broadcast of the "Jack Van Impe Presents " program. (at about the 12 minute mark). TECHNOLOGY. Awarded jointly to John Keogh of Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia, for patenting the in the year 2001. and to the Australian Patent Office for granting him Innovation Patent #2001100012. [NOTE: Several years after this prize was awarded, the patent office quietly revoked Mr. Keogh's patent. PUBLIC HEALTH. Chittaranjan Andrade and B. Srihari of the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences. Bangalore, India, for their probing medical discovery that nose picking is a common activity among adolescents. The 2000 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 2000 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, October 5th, 2000 at the 10th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. PHYSICS. Andre Geim of the University of Nijmegen (the Netherlands) and Sir Michael Berry of Bristol University (UK), for using magnets to levitate a frog. [REFERENCE: "Of Flying Frogs and Levitrons " by M. Berry and A. Geim, European Journal of Physics, v. 18, 1997, p. 307-13. ] [REFERENCE: VIDEO ] NOTE: Ten years later, in 2010, Andre Geim won a Nobel Prize in physics (for research on another subject). CHEMISTRY. Donatella Marazziti. Alessandra Rossi, and Giovanni B. Cassano of the University of Pisa. and Hagop S. Akiskal of the University of California (San Diego), for their discovery that, biochemically, romantic love may be indistinguishable from having severe obsessive-compulsive disorder. [REFERENCE: "Alteration of the platelet serotonin transporter in romantic love ," Marazziti D, Akiskal HS, Rossi A, Cassano GB, Psychological Medicine. 1999 May;29(3):741-5. ECONOMICS. The Reverend Sun Myung Moon. for bringing efficiency and steady growth to the mass-marriage industry. with, according to his reports. a 36-couple wedding in 1960, a 430-couple wedding in 1968, an 1800-couple wedding in 1975, a 6000-couple wedding in 1982, a 30,000-couple wedding in 1992. a 360,000-couple wedding in 1995, and a 36,000,000-couple wedding in 1997. The 1999 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 1999 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 30th, 1999 at the 9th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. REFERENCE: "Physics Takes the Biscuit ", Len Fisher, Nature, 397, no. 6719, February 11, 1999, p. 469. REFERENCE: "Pouring Flows ," Jean-Marc Vanden‐Broeck and Joseph B. Keller, Physics of Fluids vol. 29, no. 12, 1986, pp. 3958-61. MEDICINE. Dr. Arvid Vatle of Stord, Norway, for carefully collecting, classifying, and contemplating which kinds of containers his patients chose when submitting urine samples. (REFERENCE: "Unyttig om urinprøver," Arvid Vatle, Tidsskift for Den norske laegeforening [The Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association ], no. 8, March 20, 1999. p. 1178. CHEMISTRY. Takeshi Makino, president of The Safety Detective Agency in Osaka, Japan, for his involvement with S-Check. an infidelity detection spray that wives can apply to their husbands' underwear. MANAGED HEALTH CARE. The late George and Charlotte Blonsky of New York City and San Jose, California, for inventing a device (US Patent #3,216,423 ) to aid women in giving birth — the woman is strapped onto a circular table, and the table is then rotated at high speed. The 1998 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 1998 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded at the 8th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. SAFETY ENGINEERING. Troy Hurtubise. of North Bay, Ontario, for developing, and personally testing a suit of armor that is impervious to grizzly bears. [REFERENCE: "Project Grizzly ", produced by the "National Film Board of Canada. ALSO: Bear Man: The Troy Hurtubise Saga. by Troy Hurtubise, Raven House Publishing, Westbrook, ME, USA, 2011. BIOLOGY. Peter Fong of Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, for contributing to the happiness of clams by giving them Prozac. [REFERENCE: "Induction and Potentiation of Parturition in Fingernail Clams (Sphaerium striatinum) by Selective Serotonin Re- Uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)," Peter F. Fong, Peter T. Huminski, and Lynette M. D'urso, "Journal of Experimental Zoology. vol. 280, 1998, pp. 260-64. CHEMISTRY. Jacques Benveniste of France, for his homeopathic discovery that not only does water have memory, but that the information can be transmitted over telephone lines and the Internet. [NOTE: Benveniste also won the 1991 Ig Nobel Chemistry Prize. [REFERENCE:"Transatlantic Transfer of Digitized Antigen Signal by Telephone Link," J. Benveniste, P. Jurgens, W. Hsueh and J. Aissa, "Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - Program and abstracts of papers to be presented during scientific sessions AAAAI/AAI. CIS Joint Meeting February 21-26, 1997"]. SCIENCE EDUCATION. Dolores Krieger. Professor Emerita, New York University, for demonstrating the merits of therapeutic touch. a method by which nurses manipulate the energy fields of ailing patients by carefully avoiding physical contact with those patients. 'REFERENCE: "The Therapeutic Touch," Dolores Krieger, Erik Peper, and Sonia Ancoli, The American Journal of Nursing, vol. 79, no. 4, 1979, pp. 660-662. [REFERENCE: "Annals of Sex Research," vol. 6, no. 3, 1993, pp. 231-5. PHYSICS. Deepak Chopra of The Chopra Center for Well Being, La Jolla, California, for his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness. ECONOMICS. Richard Seed of Chicago for his efforts to stoke up the world economy by cloning himself and other human beings. MEDICINE. To Patient Y and to his doctors, Caroline Mills. Meirion Llewelyn. David Kelly. and Peter Holt, of Royal Gwent Hospital, in Newport, Wales, for the cautionary medical report, "A Man Who Pricked His Finger and Smelled Putrid for 5 Years. " [Published in "The Lancet ," vol. 348, November 9, 1996, p. 1282. [REFERENCE: "Journal of Analytical Psychology," vol. 41, no. 2, 1996, pp. 165-78. The 1997 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 1997 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded at the 7th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. BIOLOGY. T. Yagyu and his colleagues from the University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland, from Kansai Medical University in Osaka, Japan, and from Neuroscience Technology Research in Prague, Czech Republic, for measuring people's brainwave patterns while they chewed different flavors of gum. [Published as "Chewing gum flavor affects measures of global complexity of multichannel EEG ," T. Yagyu, et al. Neuropsychobiology. vol. 35, 1997, pp. 46-50. ENTOMOLOGY. Mark Hostetler of the University of Florida, for his scholarly book, "That Gunk on Your Car ," which identifies the insect splats that appear on automobile windows. [The book is published by Ten Speed Press. ASTRONOMY. Richard Hoagland of New Jersey, for identifying artificial features on the moon and on Mars, including a human face on Mars and ten-mile high buildings on the far side of the moon. [REFERENCE: "The Monuments of Mars. A City on the Edge of Forever ," by Richard C. Hoagland, North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, CA,1996. COMMUNICATIONS. Sanford Wallace. president of Cyber Promotions of Philadelphia -- neither rain nor sleet nor dark of night have stayed this self-appointed courier from delivering electronic junk mail to all the world. LITERATURE. Doron Witztum. Eliyahu Rips and Yoav Rosenberg of Israel, and Michael Drosnin of the United States, for their hairsplitting statistical discovery that the bible contains a secret, hidden code. [REFERENCE: Witztum, Rips and Rosenberg,'s original research was published as"Equidistant Letter Sequences in the Book of Genesis ," "Statistical Science," Vol. 9, No. 3, 1994, pp. 429-38. Drosnin's popular book, "The Bible Code ," was published by Simon & Schuster. MEDICINE. Carl J. Charnetski and Francis X. Brennan, Jr. of Wilkes University, and James F. Harrison of Muzak Ltd. in Seattle, Washington, for their discovery that listening to elevator Muzak stimulates immunoblobulin A (IgA) production, and thus may help prevent the common cold. REFERENCE: "Effect of music and auditory stimuli on secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) ," Carl J. Charnetski, Francis X. Brennan, Jr. and James F. Harrison, Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol. 87, 1998, pp. 1163-70. ECONOMICS. Akihiro Yokoi of Wiz Company in Chiba, Japan and Aki Maita of Bandai Company in Tokyo, the father and mother of Tamagotchi. for diverting millions of person-hours of work into the husbandry of virtual pets. PEACE. Harold Hillman of the University of Surrey, England for his lovingly rendered and ultimately peaceful report "The Possible Pain Experienced During Execution by Different Methods. " [Published in Perception 1993, vol 22, pp. 745-53. METEOROLOGY. Bernard Vonnegut of the State University of Albany, for his revealing report, "Chicken Plucking as Measure of Tornado Wind Speed. " [Published in "Weatherwise ," October 1975, p. 217. The 1996 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 1996 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, October 3rd, 1996 at the 6th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch archived video on C-SPAN. REFERENCE: "British Medical Journal," vol. 309, Dec 24-31, 1994, p. 1689. MEDICINE. James Johnston of R. Reynolds, Joseph Taddeo of U. Tobacco, Andrew Tisch of Lorillard, William Campbell of Philip Morris, Edward A. Horrigan of Liggett Group, Donald S. Johnston of American Tobacco Company, and the late Thomas E. Sandefur, Jr. chairman of Brown and Williamson Tobacco Co. for their unshakable discovery, as testified to the U. Congress. that nicotine is not addictive. PEACE. Jacques Chirac. President of France, for commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of Hiroshima with atomic bomb tests in the Pacific. CHEMISTRY. George Goble of Purdue University, for his blistering world record time for igniting a barbeque grill-three seconds, using charcoal and liquid oxygen. BIODIVERSITY. Chonosuke Okamura of the Okamura Fossil Laboratory in Nagoya, Japan, for discovering the fossils of dinosaurs, horses, dragons, princesses, and more than 1000 other extinct "mini-species," each of which is less than 1/100 of an inch in length. REFERENCE: the series "Reports of the Okamura Fossil Laboratory ," published by the Okamura Fossil Laboratory in Nagoya, Japan during the 1970's and 1980's. LITERATURE. The editors of the journal Social Text. for eagerly publishing research that they could not understand, that the author said was meaningless, and which claimed that reality does not exist. ECONOMICS. Dr. Robert J. Genco of the University of Buffalo for his discovery that "financial strain is a risk indicator for destructive periodontal disease. REFERENCES: (published after winning the prize): "Models to Evaluate the Role of Stress in Periodontal Disease ," Robert J. Genco, et al. Annals of Periodontology, vol. 3, no. 1, July 1998, pp. 288-302. "Relationship of Stress, Distress, and Inadequate Coping Behaviors to Periodontal Disease ," Robert J. Genco, et al. Journal of Periodontology, vol. 70, 1999, pp. 711-23. The 1995 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. The 1995 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, October 6th, 1995 at the 5th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live. You can watch the video on our youTube Channel. NUTRITION. John Martinez of J. Martinez & Company in Atlanta, Georgia, for educating the world about Luak Coffee. the world's most expensive coffee, which is made from coffee beans ingested and excreted by the luak (aka, the palm civet), a bobcat-like animal native to Indonesia. REFERENCE: Powder Technology, November, 1994, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 189-96. MEDICINE. Marcia E. Buebel, David S. Shannahoff-Khalsa, and Michael R. Boyle, for their invigorating study entitled "The Effects of Unilateral Forced Nostril Breathing on Cognition. LITERATURE. David B. Busch and James R. Starling. of Madison Wisconsin, for their deeply penetrating research report, "Rectal foreign bodies: Case Reports and a Comprehensive Review of the World's Literature. " The citations include reports of, among other items: seven light bulbs; a knife sharpener; two flashlights; a wire spring; a snuff box; an oil can with potato stopper; eleven different forms of fruits, vegetables and other foodstuffs; a jeweler's saw; a frozen pig's tail; a tin cup; a beer glass; and one patient's remarkable ensemble collection consisting of spectacles, a suitcase key, a tobacco pouch and a magazine. REFERENCE: Surgery. September 1986, pp. 512-519. PEACE. The Taiwan National Parliament, for demonstrating that politicians gain more by punching, kicking and gouging each other than by waging war against other nations. PSYCHOLOGY. Shigeru Watanabe. Junko Sakamoto, and Masumi Wakita, of Keio University. for their success in training pigeons to discriminate between the paintings of Picasso and those of Monet. REFERENCE: Ergonomics. vol 37, no. 8, Aug. 1994. pp. 1375-89. DENTISTRY. Robert H. Beaumont, of Shoreview, Minnesota. for his incisive study "Patient Preference for Waxed or Unwaxed Dental Floss. The 1994 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. BIOLOGY. W. Brian Sweeney. Brian Krafte-Jacobs, Jeffrey W. Britton, and Wayne Hansen, for their breakthrough study. "The Constipated Serviceman: Prevalence Among Deployed US Troops," and especially for their numerical analysis of bowel movement frequency. [Published in "Military Medicine ," vol. 158, August, 1993, pp. 346-348. PEACE. John Hagelin of Maharishi University and The Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy, promulgator of peaceful thoughts. for his experimental conclusion that 4,000 trained meditators caused an 18 percent decrease in violent crime in Washington, D. MEDICINE. This prize is awarded in two parts. First, to Patient X, formerly of the US Marine Corps, valiant victim of a venomous bite from his pet rattlesnake, for his determined use of electroshock therapy -- at his own insistence, automobile sparkplug wires were attached to his lip, and the car engine revved to 3000 rpm for five minutes. Second, to Dr. Richard C. Dart of the Rocky Mountain Poison Center and Dr. Richard A. Gustafson of The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, for their well-grounded medical report: "Failure of Electric Shock Treatment for Rattlesnake Envenomation. " [Published in Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 20, no. 6, June 1991, pp. 659-61. ENTOMOLOGY. Robert A. Lopez of Westport, NY, valiant veterinarian and friend of all creatures great and small, for his series of experiments in obtaining ear mites from cats. inserting them into his own ear, and carefully observing and analyzing the results. [Published as "Of Mites and Man ," The Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. vol. 203, no. 5, Sept. 1, 1993, pp. 606-7. PSYCHOLOGY. Lee Kuan Yew. former Prime Minister of Singapore. practitioner of the psychology of negative reinforcement, for his thirty-year study of the effects of punishing three million citizens of Singapore whenever they spat, chewed gum, or fed pigeons. LITERATURE. L. Ron Hubbard, ardent author of science fiction and founding father of Scientology, for his crackling Good Book, "Dianetics ," which is highly profitable to mankind or to a portion thereof. CHEMISTRY. Texas State Senator Bob Glasgow. wise writer of logical legislation, for sponsoring the 1989 drug control law which make it illegal to purchase beakers, flasks, test tubes, or other laboratory glassware without a permit. ECONOMICS. Jan Pablo Davila of Chile, tireless trader of financial futures and former employee of the state-owned Codelco Company. for instructing his computer to "buy" when he meant "sell," and subsequently attempting to recoup his losses by making increasingly unprofitable trades that ultimately lost. 5 percent of Chile's gross national product. Davila's relentless achievement inspired his countrymen to coin a new verb: " davilar," meaning, "to botch things up royally. MATHEMATICS. The Southern Baptist Church of Alabama. mathematical measurers of morality, for their county-by-county estimate of how many Alabama citizens will go to Hell if they don't repent. [Click here for additional details. The 1993 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. PSYCHOLOGY. John Mack of Harvard Medical School and David Jacobs of Temple University, mental visionaries, for their leaping conclusion that people who believe they were kidnapped by aliens from outer space, probably were — and especially for their conclusion "the focus of the abduction is the production of children. [REFERENCE: "Secret Life. Firsthand, Documented Accounts of UFO Abductions "]. BIOLOGY. Paul Williams Jr. of the Oregon State Health Division and Kenneth W. Newell of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. bold biological detectives, for their pioneering study, "Salmonella Excretion in Joy-Riding Pigs. " [Published in American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health, vol. 60, no. 5, May 1970, pp. 926-9. ECONOMICS. Ravi Batra of Southern Methodist University, shrewd economist and best-selling author of "The Great Depression of 1990 " ($17. 95) and "Surviving the Great Depression of 1990 " ($18. 95), for selling enough copies of his books to single-handedly prevent worldwide economic collapse. PEACE. The Pepsi-Cola Company of the Phillipines, suppliers of sugary hopes and dreams, for sponsoring a contest to create a millionaire, and then announcing the wrong winning number, thereby inciting and uniting 800,000 riotously expectant winners. and bringing many warring factions together for the first time in their nation's history. VISIONARY TECHNOLOGY. Presented jointly to Jay Schiffman of Farmington Hills, Michigan, crack inventor of AutoVision. an image projection device that makes it possible to drive a car and watch television at the same time, and to the Michigan state legislature, for making it legal to do so. REFERENCE: US patent #5061996A. CHEMISTRY. James Campbell and Gaines Campbell of Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, dedicated deliverers of fragrance, for inventing scent strips. the odious method by which perfume is applied to magazine pages. LITERATURE. Eric Topol. R. Califf, F. Van de Werf, P. W. Armstrong, and their 972 co-authors. for publishing a medical research paper which has one hundred times as many authors as pages. [The study was published in The New England Journal of Medicine. vol. 329, no. 10, September 2, 1993, pp. 673-82. The authors are from the following countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States. ] [Click here for additional details. MATHEMATICS. Robert Faid of Greenville, South Carolina, farsighted and faithful seer of statistics, for calculating the exact odds (710,609,175,188,282,000 to 1) that Mikhail Gorbachev is the Antichrist. [REFERENCE: "Gorbachev! Has the Real Antichrist Come? "]. MEDICINE. James F. Nolan, Thomas J. Stillwell, and John P. Sands, Jr. medical men of mercy, for their painstaking research report, "Acute Management of the Zipper-Entrapped Penis. " [Published in Journal of Emergency Medicine. vol. 8, no. 3, May/June 1990, pp. 305-7. The 1992 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. MEDICINE. F. Kanda, E. Yagi, M. Fukuda, K. Nakajima, T. Ohta and O. Nakata of the Shisedo Research Center in Yokohama, for their pioneering research study "Elucidation of Chemical Compounds Responsible for Foot Malodour," especially for their conclusion that people who think they have foot odor do, and those who don't, don't. [Published in British Journal of Dermatology. vol. 122, no. 6, June 1990, pp. 771-6. ARCHEOLOGY : Eclaireurs de France. the Protestant youth group whose name means"those who show the way," fresh-scrubbed removers of grafitti, for erasing the ancient paintings from the walls of the Meyrieres Cave near the French village of Bruniquel. ECONOMICS. The investors of Lloyds of London. heirs to 300 years of dull prudent management, for their bold attempt to insure disaster by refusing to pay for their company's losses. PEACE. Daryl Gates. former Police Chief of the City of Los Angeles, for his uniquely compelling methods of bringing people together. NUTRITION. The utilizers of Spam. courageous consumers of canned comestibles, for 54 years of undiscriminating digestion. LITERATURE. Yuri Struchkov. unstoppable author from the Institute of Organoelemental Compounds in Moscow, for the 948 scientific papers he is credited with publishing between the years 1981 and 1990, averaging more than one every 3. 9 days. ART. Presented jointly to Jim Knowlton, modern Renaissance man, for his classic anatomy poster "Penises of the Animal Kingdom ," and to the U. National Endowment for the Arts for encouraging Mr. Knowlton to extend his work in the form of a pop-up book. The 1991 Ig Nobel Prize Winners. CHEMISTRY. Jacques Benveniste. prolific proseletizer and dedicated correspondent of "Nature ," for his persistent discovery that water, H2O. is an intelligent liquid, and for demonstrating to his satisfaction that water is able to remember events long after all trace of those events has vanished. MEDICINE. Alan Kligerman. deviser of digestive deliverance. vanquisher of vapor, and inventor of Beano. for his pioneering work with anti-gas liquids that prevent bloat, gassiness, discomfort and embarassment. EDUCATION. J. Danforth Quayle. consumer of time and occupier of space, for demonstrating ,better than anyone else, the need for science education. ECONOMICS. Michael Milken. titan of Wall Street and father of the junk bond. to whom the world is indebted. LITERATURE. Erich von Daniken. visionary raconteur and author of "Chariots of the Gods ," for explaining how human civilization was influenced by ancient astronauts from outer space. PEACE. Edward Teller. father of the hydrogen bomb and first champion of the Star Wars weapons system, for his lifelong efforts to change the meaning of peace as we know it. Did They Really Do These Things. Are these things real? Yes, indeed. You can look it up. That's why we give you the references. The only exceptions came in 1991, the very first year that Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded, and 1994. In 1991, three additional Prizes were given for apocryphal achievements. In 1994, one prize was based on what turned out to be erroneous press accounts. Those four apocryphal achievements are not included in the list on this page. ALL the other Prizes, in all years, were awarded for genuine achievements. For extensive background info and additional reference for many of the past winners, see the books Marc Abrahams has written about Ig Nobel Prizes. America's National Parks are our nation's greatest gift. Follow @TheNationalTree. 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